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Rotational grazing: How moving cows creates climate resilience

Cows contribute to global warming, but how they graze is an important part of the story

Explore

Rotational grazing: How moving cows creates climate resilience

Cows contribute to global warming, but how they graze is an important part of the story

Cows account for around 5–7% of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. And reducing beef and dairy production isn’t the answer, because in the next 30 years, we’ll need to feed 10 billion people — that’s 70% more food than we produce today.

Farmers have a lot on their plates: more people to feed, more unpredictable weather, more supply-chain disruptions and more responsibility to lower their impact on the environment. The question isn’t whether to change, but how to adapt while keeping farms profitable and productive.

For cattle producers, this means rethinking how their herds interact with the land. Rotational grazing — also referred to as adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing — is a regenerative farming practice that allows farmers to manage their herds in a way that supports their cows, soils and long-term sustainability.

Rotational grazing:

  • Improves soil health and biodiversity
  • Reduces methane emissions
  • Captures carbon
  • Supports herd health
  • Lowers feed costs
  • Requires planning, infrastructure and regular management
  • Can be used to achieve sustainability goals

What is rotational grazing, and how does it work?

Instead of putting cows into the same pasture for grazing day after day, rotational grazing involves moving them strategically between different pastures. This isn’t a new idea — it mirrors the way wild herds, like bison, have historically moved across landscapes.

When cows graze in one area and then move on, pastures can rest and regenerate. In fact, the act of grazing enables plant roots to grow back even stronger than before. However, if cows remain in the same area for too long, overgrazing occurs, and the plants cannot regenerate.

Overgrazed land leads to soil erosion, decreased forage quality, reduced biodiversity and other ecological problems. It was a major factor in the conditions that led to the Dust Bowl, one of the most significant and long-lasting environmental disasters in U.S. history.

In contrast, rotational grazing supports healthier soil and plants, captures up to four times more carbon than continuous grazing, and reduces methane emissions from cows by up to 10%.

One example of rotational grazing in action is Archbold’s 10,500-acre Buck Island Ranch, a working cattle ranch in Florida that has integrated the practice as part of its broader sustainability efforts. Through research, rotational grazing and other regenerative farming practices, Buck Island Ranch has improved its soil health and reduced its emissions — and can now sequester, on average, more carbon than it emits each year.

Facts from the film - World Without Cows cover image

Benefits of rotational grazing

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Climate Hub, rotational grazing has many potential environmental and economic benefits.

For the land:

  • Healthier soil that holds more water and carbon
  • Better resistance to drought
  • Increased biodiversity
  • Reduced erosion and runoff

For the farmers:

  • Lower feed costs
  • Improved forage yields
  • Better herd management
  • Greater resilience to weather extremes

 

For the animals:

  • Access to better-quality forage
  • Improved herd health
  • More natural grazing patterns
  • Reduced stress through consistent handling

Adaptive multi-paddock grasslands: Saving fragile ecosystems and storing greenouse gases in the soil

In this Planet of Plenty video, see how beef cattle raised at Shipwheel Cattle Feeders in adaptive multi-paddock grasslands in Alberta, Canada are capturing harmful emissions.

Challenges of rotational grazing

While rotational grazing has many advantages, some challenges can also arise.

  • Good management is vital. If cows aren’t moved regularly, problems associated with overgrazing, such as compacted soil, reduced forage quality and poorer water quality, can occur — all of which can negatively impact the health of both pastures and cows.
  • An investment is required. Rotational grazing requires an upfront investment in fencing, watering systems and pathways for cows, along with increased time and effort from farmers to manage the system effectively.

The bigger picture

For farmers considering rotational grazing, resources are available through local extension offices, conservation districts and experienced graziers who can provide guidance and share their experiences.

With proper planning and management, rotational grazing can work for operations of all sizes — from large-scale ranches to small family farms. No single approach works for every farm, but rotational grazing is one of the most adaptable and scalable strategies available.

By rethinking how cows interact with the land, farmers can improve their soil health, boost their productivity and become part of the climate solution.

Ready to start a conversation about cows? Connect with us on social media (@worldwithoutcows) and let us know your thoughts.

World Without Cows is a Planet of Plenty® production. Working Together for a Planet of Plenty was launched in 2019 by Dr. Mark Lyons, president and CEO of Alltech, a global animal nutrition company. Planet of Plenty is a call for collaboration across industries and geographies to create and embrace science-based solutions that help agriculture provide nutrition for all, revitalize rural communities and replenish the planet’s natural resources.

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